Use and perceptions of information among family physicians: sources considered accessible,relevant, and reliable     

Julie G. Kosteniuk  Debra G. Morgan  Carl K. D'Arcy 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2013,101(1):32-37

Objectives:

The research determined (1) the information sources that family physicians (FPs) most commonly use to update their general medical knowledge and to make specific clinical decisions, and (2) the information sources FPs found to be most physically accessible, intellectually accessible (easy to understand), reliable (trustworthy), and relevant to their needs.

Methods:

A cross-sectional postal survey of 792 FPs and locum tenens, in full-time or part-time medical practice, currently practicing or on leave of absence in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan was conducted during the period of January to April 2008.

Results:

Of 666 eligible physicians, 331 completed and returned surveys, resulting in a response rate of 49.7% (331/666). Medical textbooks and colleagues in the main patient care setting were the top 2 sources for the purpose of making specific clinical decisions. Medical textbooks were most frequently considered by FPs to be reliable (trustworthy), and colleagues in the main patient care setting were most physically accessible (easy to access).

Conclusions:

When making specific clinical decisions, FPs were most likely to use information from sources that they considered to be reliable and generally physically accessible, suggesting that FPs can best be supported by facilitating easy and convenient access to high-quality information.

Highlights

• Medical textbooks were the most popular information source for family physicians'' (FPs'') clinical decision-making purposes, and medical journals were the most popular information source for the purpose of updating FPs'' general medical knowledge.
• FPs considered medical textbooks to be the most reliable (trustworthy) source, colleagues the most physically accessible, and continuing medical education the most relevant and intellectually accessible.
• The lowest ranked information sources across all four attributes were personal digital assistants, mental health professionals, pharmaceutical sales representatives, and other decision aids.

Implications

• The most popular information sources for clinical decision-making purposes among FPs were sources characterized as reliable and generally physically accessible.
• This study suggests the need for further research into interventions that target information access barriers in FPs'' practice settings and the promotion of reliable evidence for FPs'' clinical decision-making purposes.

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1, 2, 3, 4: Infusing Quantitative Literacy into Introductory Biology     

Elena Bray Speth  Jennifer L. Momsen  Gregory A. Moyerbrailean  Diane Ebert-May  Tammy M. Long  Sara Wyse  Debra Linton 《CBE life sciences education》2010,9(3):323-332

Biology of the twenty-first century is an increasingly quantitative science. Undergraduate biology education therefore needs to provide opportunities for students to develop fluency in the tools and language of quantitative disciplines. Quantitative literacy (QL) is important for future scientists as well as for citizens, who need to interpret numeric information and data-based claims regarding nearly every aspect of daily life. To address the need for QL in biology education, we incorporated quantitative concepts throughout a semester-long introductory biology course at a large research university. Early in the course, we assessed the quantitative skills that students bring to the introductory biology classroom and found that students had difficulties in performing simple calculations, representing data graphically, and articulating data-driven arguments. In response to students'' learning needs, we infused the course with quantitative concepts aligned with the existing course content and learning objectives. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by significant improvement in the quality of students'' graphical representations of biological data. Infusing QL in introductory biology presents challenges. Our study, however, supports the conclusion that it is feasible in the context of an existing course, consistent with the goals of college biology education, and promotes students'' development of important quantitative skills.  相似文献   

Family Routines and Parental Monitoring as Protective Factors Among Early and Middle Adolescents Affected by Maternal HIV/AIDS     

Debra A. Murphy  William D. Marelich  Diane M. Herbeck  Diana L. Payne 《Child development》2009,80(6):1676-1691

The influence of parenting skills on adolescent outcomes among children affected by maternal HIV/AIDS (N = 118, M age = 13) was investigated. Among families with more frequent family routines, over time adolescents showed lower rates of aggression, anxiety, worry, depression, conduct disorder, binge drinking, and increased self‐concept. Among families with higher levels of parental monitoring, adolescents showed significant declines in anxiety and depression, conduct disorder, and binge drinking, along with increased self‐concept. Mothers’ level of illness was associated with parenting. Greater variability in parental monitoring resulted in higher levels of problem behaviors.  相似文献   

专题：科技信息的开发获取（一）[张晓林编委组织]     

张晓林 《图书情报工作》2005,49(12):5-13

科技信息的开放获取已成为影响学术信息交流与科学发展的重大问题，深刻地影响到科技政策、科技支撑环境发展战略和科技信息服务模式。一大批科学家、科研机构和许多国家的科学管理与科研资助机构，都积极地推动科技信息的开放获取。他们或者制定开放获取政策、要求或鼓励科研人员提供科研成果的开放获取，或者支持开放出版期刊，或者建立机构开放存储库、支持本机构科研成果开放获取。通过这一系列的措施，科学界希望能够促进科研成果不受限制地广泛传播和自由获取、以及促进科研成果通过公共机制长期可靠保存和利用，以保障科技知识资产的国家保护和科研机构的知识资产管理。  相似文献   

E-learning in the common learning curriculum for health and social care professionals: information literacy and the library     

Morris D 《Health information and libraries journal》2005,22(Z2):74-80

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Designing biomimetic robots: iterative development of an integrated technology design curriculum     

Bernstein  Debra  Puttick  Gillian  Wendell  Kristen  Shaw  Fayette  Danahy  Ethan  Cassidy  Michael 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2022,70(1):119-147

Educational technology research and development - In most middle schools, learning is segregated by discipline. Yet interdisciplinary approaches have been shown to cultivate creative thinking,...  相似文献   

Why Are You Saying That? Increases in Gaze Duration as Responses to Group Member Dissent     

Johny T. Garner  Debra L. Iba 《Communication Studies》2017,68(3):353-367

The present study investigated students’ eye gaze while reacting to dissenting peers in groups. We measured the duration of gaze toward a confederate who disagreed with either a prevailing idea around which the group was coalescing or the process by which the group was solving a problem. Results indicated that participants gazed at dissenting confederates longer than at confederates in control groups. Qualitative analysis suggested that participants seemed to use eye gaze to understand the confederate, to prompt the confederate to contribute to discussions, to ease tensions, and to process information relative to the group’s task. Results provide an expanded look at how group members respond to dissenters, how conflict operates in some student groups, and how group members may differentiate acceptable and unacceptable disagreement.  相似文献   

Improving the Measurement of Cognitive Skills Through Automated Conversations     

G. Tanner Jackson  Katherine E. Castellano  Debra Brockway  Blair Lehman 《Journal of Research on Technology in Education》2018,50(3):226-240

Open-ended, short-answer questions, referred to as constructed responses (CR), allow students to express knowledge and skills through their own words. While CRs can reduce the likelihood of guessing correct answers, they also enable students to provide errant responses due to a lack of knowledge or a misunderstanding of the question. Conversation-based assessments (CBAs) require constructing responses to open-ended prompts (similar to CRs), but also leverage natural-language processing to provide adaptive follow-up prompts that target particular information. This work describes an investigation into potential benefits of CBAs as they are compared to a CR approach. Results from 632 middle schoolers indicate that, when compared to CRs, the CBA items allowed 41% of students to provide a more complete response and improve their score.  相似文献   

Suicide intervention: Training,roles, and knowledge of school psychologists     

Jennifer Debski  Candy Dubord Spadafore  Susan Jacob  Debra A. Poole  Michael D. Hixson 《Psychology in the schools》2007,44(2):157-170

Practitioner‐members of the National Association of School Psychologists (N = 162) completed questionnaires regarding their suicide prevention and postvention roles, training, preparedness, and knowledge. Most were crisis team members, yet less than one‐half reported graduate training in suicide risk assessment and less than one‐fourth in postvention. Compared to nondoctoral‐level practitioners, doctoral‐trained practitioners felt better prepared to handle suicidal students. Most respondents had participated in a suicide risk assessment in the past 2 years, with few using standardized measures. Performance was moderately strong on questions about knowledge of risk factors, warning signs, and appropriate steps to respond to a suicidal student, but respondents showed less familiarity with postvention recommendations intended to discourage contagion. Training suggestions were identified. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 157–170, 2007.  相似文献   

Young children teach themselves to read and write     

Jerry Aldridge  Debra Rust 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1987,15(2):29-31

Too often young children are hurried into formal academic tasks before they are ready. This push for abstract reading and writing skills in early childhood settings can actually inhibit young children's language development. However, teachers who allow children to naturally acquire reading and writing provide a print-rich environment that encourages experimentation with language.  相似文献